Fall Risk Factors
There are many factors that can put a client at risk for falling down, including:
Age-Related Risk Factors for Falls
- Decreased muscle strength.
- Slower reflexes.
- Diminished vision and/or hearing.
- Forgetfulness.
- Changes in sleep patterns.
Medical-Related Risk Factors for Falls
- Arthritis.
- Osteoporosis.
- Foot disorders.
- Orthostatic hypotension.
- Medication side effects.
- Taking four or more medications.
- Incontinence.
- Being mentally or cognitively impaired.
Environmental Risk Factors for Falls
- Wet walking surfaces.
- Loose area rugs or mats.
- Highly polished floors.
- Frayed or torn carpeting.
- Clutter on the floor.
- Uneven stairs.
- Stairs without handrails.
- Electrical cords on the floor.
- Poorly fitting shoes or slippers.
- Poor lighting.
- Slippery bathtub or shower.
- Ice, snow, mud or fallen leaves.
How You Can Help Prevent Falls
- When you begin caring for a new client, ask your supervisor if that client has any disease or condition that might cause falls. Also, ask if the client has a history of falling. The more you know about your clients, the better prepared you will be to keep them safe.
- If your workplace has a special way to identify clients who are high risks for falling, be sure you have been oriented to the system.
- Studies have shown that a fear of becoming dependent on others may lead elderly people to deny or minimize their risk for falling. If a client resists your help in moving from place to place, don’t take it personally. Do let your supervisor know that you are having a hard time assisting your client.
- Help educate clients about the risk factors for falls. By learning more, they may feel more in control and more confident about avoiding falls.