Autoimmune Diseases
Autoimmune diseases are conditions in which the body recognizes its own healthy tissues as the enemy and launches its entire “army” of defenses to wage war against itself.
Two Main Types of Autoimmune Diseases
Localized—When an autoimmune disease attacks a specific organ or a specific type of tissue, it is considered localized. A prime example of a localized autoimmune disease is type 1 diabetes which attacks the pancreas. Other localized autoimmune diseases include rheumatoid arthritis, celiac disease, Grave’s disease and multiple sclerosis.
Systemic—When the disease affects many organs, it’s called a systemic autoimmune disease. Lupus is a good example of a systemic autoimmune disease. It can affect the skin, joints, kidneys, heart, brain, red blood cells and more. Other systemic diseases include rheumatoid arthritis and scleroderma.
Common Symptoms
Nearly all autoimmune diseases cause some similar basic symptoms:
- Fatigue
- Sleep disturbance
- Short Term Memory Loss
- Mood Swings
- Depression
- Low Thyroid Function
- Gastrointestinal Problems
- Swollen Glands
- Low Grade Fever
- Joint and/or Muscle Pain
How can you help clients who suffer from autoimmune diseases?
- Observe for new or changing symptoms. Report any changes in a client’s status to your supervisor.
- Help them balance rest and exercise. Rest gives body tissues and joints the time they need to repair. Exercise stimulates the circulation of lymph fluid through the body.
- Guard against infection. Many people with autoimmune diseases take prescription drugs that suppress the immune system.
- Encourage a balanced diet. Well-balanced meals that are high in protein may make your clients feel better.
- Watch for signs of depression. People who live with a chronic condition for which there is no cure are at risk for depression. Report any signs of depression to your supervisor.