Wandering and Elopement

When a client leaves  or wanders away from a safe environment without authorization or appropriate supervision, it is known as “elopement.”  In most cases, the desire to “elope” is due to changes in the brain that come with Alzheimer’s disease or other dementia.  However, people with psychiatric diagnoses , and even autism, may be at risk for wandering. 

WHY DO CLIENTS ELOPE?

There are a number of reasons why clients might wander, including to:

• Continue a habit from the past, such as taking an afternoon walk.
• Find a sense of purpose, something to fill their time.
• Get rid of excess energy or anxiety.
• Try to “escape” from physical pain or discomfort.
• Search for the life, home, or possessions they used to have.
• Some clients may also wander because they are confused about time.  They may tend to sleep during the day and wander at night.

WANDERING VS ELOPING

• Wandering can occur within the confines of a person’s residence.  For example, Mrs. G. lives in an Alzheimer’s care facility.  Every day, she wanders up and down the halls, calling out for a pet cat she had as a child.  However, she never attempts to leave the facility. 
• Elopement is a serious consequence of wandering in which the client leaves the safety of his/her home or facility without supervision—and is unable or unwilling to return. 
• So, just because people wander doesn’t mean they will elope—but it does mean they have a high risk of doing so.

SOME IMPORTANT POINTS ABOUT ELOPEMENT!

• Because you work so closely with your clients, it is essential that you know which of them are high risk for elopement.  Some workplaces have special designations, such as colored wrist bands, for “at risk” clients.  Be sure you know the elopement risk level for your clients.  If you believe that a client’s risk level has changed (either going higher or lower), discuss the issue with your supervisor.
• Some clients who wander are very determined to elope.  They may even try to go out a window!  Don’t underestimate any client’s desire to “escape.”  As you observe clients in their environment, make note of any methods they might use to elope.  Let your supervisor know what you discover!
• Whether you work in a facility or in clients’ homes, you and your co-workers should be able to describe the step-by-step process your workplace has in place for responding to an elopement.  It’s not enough to say that you will search the immediate area and call law enforcement.  If you aren’t sure of the process (and your role in it), find out today!